THE PREVALENCE AND OUTCOME OF HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS IN PREGNANCY AMONG WOMEN THAT DELIVERED IN NNAMDI AZIKIWE UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL, ANAMBRA STATE: A 5 YEARS REVIEW.

Abstract

Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy are major contributors to preventable maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, associated risk factors, and maternal and foetal outcomes of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy among women managed at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi. A retrospective study was conducted, involving a five-year review of cases managed at the facility. Out of 4,089 deliveries during the study period, 30 cases of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy were recorded, giving a prevalence of 0.73%. Only 22 case folders were available and reviewed. The mean maternal age was 32.54 years. Most of the women (54.5%) had secondary school education as their highest qualification, and the same proportion booked for antenatal care. The majority were multiparous. Pregnancy-induced hypertension was the most common type, accounting for 77.3% of cases, and caesarean section was the predominant mode of delivery (68.2%). Although no maternal deaths were recorded, 13.6% of the women experienced complications. Regarding neonatal outcomes, 59.1% of the babies had normal birth weight, while 18.2% had low or very low birth weight. Most of the babies (86.4%) were alive and well at birth, while 9.1% died and 4.5% were severely asphyxiated. The study suggests that the prevalence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy is declining, with better maternal and foetal outcomes, possibly due to improved antenatal care enrolment. It recommends enhanced female education and empowerment, alongside the provision of high-quality and free antenatal care for all pregnant women.